JOSH: Journal of Sharia dikelola dan diterbitkan oleh Fakultas Syariah Universitas Sunan Drajat (UNSUDA) Lamongan . Jurnal ini berisikan artikel ilmiah baik penelitian kualitatif maupun kuantitatif, dengan fokus dan Scope : Syariah, Hukum, Hukum Tata Negara, Hukum Keluarga Islam, Ilmu Sosial dan Politik, dan Hubungan Internasional P-ISSN : 2828-1497 E-ISSN : 2828-1012
Universitas Sunan Drajat Lamongan, Indonesia
KEPENTINGAN STRATEGIS MINYAK BUMI DALAM ESKALASI KONFLIK AMERIKA SERIKAT DAN IRAN
This study discusses the strategic interests of petroleum in the escalation of conflict between the United States and Iran from the perspective of international relations. The conflict between the two countries represents one of the most complex geopolitical dynamics in the Middle East, influenced not only by ideological and security issues but also by global energy interests. Iran, as one of the countries with the largest oil reserves in the world, holds a strategic position in international energy distribution, particularly through the Strait of Hormuz, which serves as a major route for global oil trade. This condition places Iran as an important actor in energy geopolitics and a central concern of United States foreign policy.This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach and utilizes library research as the primary research design. Data were collected from official documents, scientific journals, books, academic articles, and various international media sources related to the conflict between the United States and Iran. The analysis applies realism theory and an energy geopolitics approach to explain the relationship between national interests, control over energy resources, and the escalation of international conflict.The results of the study indicate that petroleum is a major factor influencing the dynamics of relations between the United States and Iran. The United States seeks to maintain its geopolitical dominance and global energy stability through various political and economic policies toward Iran, while Iran utilizes its energy resources and strategic geographical position to preserve its regional influence and national sovereignty. The conflict between the two countries demonstrates that oil is not merely an economic commodity but also a strategic political instrument in the struggle for global power. In addition to affecting the stability of the Middle East region, the US–Iran conflict also has significant implications for global energy security and the international economy
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TINJAUAN YURIDIS PENEGAKAN HUKUM DAN KEADILAN DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI PASCA LAHIRNYA KUHP NASIONAL
This research is motivated by the enactment of the National Criminal Code (KUHP), which brought about a paradigm shift in the criminal law system in Indonesia, including in the enforcement of corruption laws. The research problem focuses on how law enforcement and the principle of justice are applied in corruption crimes after the enactment of the National Criminal Code, as well as the legal obstacles that arise in its implementation. The purpose of this research is to analyze the legal review of law enforcement against corruption crimes and examine the extent to which the value of justice is reflected in the application of law after the establishment of the National Criminal Code. This research uses a qualitative research method with a normative legal approach through the analysis of legislation, legal literature, and court decisions related to corruption crimes. The theories used in this research include the theory of law enforcement by Soerjono Soekanto, the theory of justice by John Rawls, and the theory of legal certainty to examine the relationship between law, justice, and the effectiveness of law enforcement. The results of the study show that the birth of the National Criminal Code provides updates in the criminal system and strengthens the principle of legality, but its implementation still faces various obstacles, such as overlapping regulations with special laws on corruption crimes, differences in interpretation by law enforcement officials, and the less than optimal application of the principle of substantive justice in the process of enforcing corruption laws in Indonesia
PEMBENTUKAN OPINI PUBLIK MELALUI INSTRAGRAM EYE.ONE.PALESTINE DALAM KONFLIK ISRAEL PALESTINA
The rapid development of social media has significantly transformed the landscape of global political communication, particularly in shaping public opinion on international conflicts. One account actively disseminating humanitarian narratives is the Instagram account Eye.one.Palestine, which consistently publishes content related to the conflict between Israel and Palestine. This study aims to analyze how the digital communication strategies employed by the account contribute to the formation of public opinion among its followers. This research applies a qualitative method with a content analysis approach, examining posts, captions, visual elements, and audience engagement patterns such as comments, likes, and shares. Data were collected through direct observation of published content within a specific period and analyzed using agenda-setting theory, framing theory, and the spiral of silence theory. The findings indicate that Eye.one.Palestine strategically utilizes emotionally compelling visuals, persuasive narratives, and targeted hashtags to cultivate empathy and solidarity toward humanitarian issues in Palestine. The framing pattern predominantly emphasizes civilian suffering, injustice, and the urgency of international support. Audience interaction intensity demonstrates the emergence of a digital discursive space that reinforces collective opinion and encourages participation in the form of symbolic support and social action. This study concludes that Instagram plays a significant role as a medium for constructing social reality in global conflicts, where non-state actors can influence public perception across national boundaries. The research contributes to the field of digital political communication and the dynamics of public opinion formation in the social media er
PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERPADU TERHADAP PELAKU UMKM ATAS PELANGGARAN TIDAK MENCANTUMKAN INFORMASI KADALUWARSA PRODUK MAKANAN
This research is motivated by the fact that many Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia still produce and sell food without including expiration date information on product packaging. This condition creates legal problems because it has the potential to harm consumers, endanger public health, and demonstrates weak supervision and law enforcement against business actors. This study aims to analyze the form of integrated law enforcement against MSMEs for violations of not including expiration information on food products and identify inhibiting factors in its implementation. The research method used is qualitative research with an empirical juridical approach. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature studies, which were then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The theories used in this study include law enforcement theory, consumer protection theory, and business actor responsibility theory. The results of the study indicate that law enforcement against MSMEs is still not running optimally due to low legal awareness among business actors, lack of socialization regarding the obligation to include expiration information, and limited supervision from relevant agencies. Integrated law enforcement is carried out through guidance, supervision, the imposition of administrative sanctions, and action in accordance with statutory provisions. Therefore, synergy is needed between the government, business actors, and the community to increase legal compliance and provide maximum protection to consumers.
WANPRESTASI PERUMAHAN SYARIAH NON-BANK: URGENSI STANDARDISASI LABEL ‘SYARIAH’ MELALUI SERTIFIKASI KEPATUHAN
The marketing of Sharia labeled housing by non bank developers has grown rapidly, yet the absence of binding standards and verification for the use of the Sharia label allows compliance claims to be made on a self declared basis, creating information asymmetry and contributing to widespread developer default and consumer losses. This article examines how the normative gap in standardizing and verifying Sharia labeling in non bank Islamic housing projects increases the risk of default and consumer vulnerability, and proposes a mandatory certification model as a preventive consumer protection instrument. Employing a normative legal method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, the study analyzes Indonesia’s consumer protection regime, the Halal Product Assurance framework, Sharia governance rules, and reported cases of default in non bank Sharia housing schemes. The findings indicate that, in practice, the Sharia label operates as a powerful compliance claim in marketing, but in the absence of enforceable auditing mechanisms it is often used without guarantees regarding project legality, contract structure, or financial capacity, thereby generating gharar, misrepresentation, and risk shifting to consumers. The article proposes a three pillar Sharia label: certification design legal verification, Sharia audit, and financial oversight, implemented by competent authorities as a prerequisite for using the Sharia label in promotion; absent such certification, Sharia claims should be treated as misleading information and unlawful advertising, subject to administrative sanctions and civil liability under the consumer protection framework
DISEMINASI TEMUAN IDENTIFIKASI SURAT SUARA TIDAK SAH DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN PEMILIH PADA PEMILUKADA KABUPATEN WONOGIRI TAHUN 2024
The 2024 simultaneous regional elections (Pilkada) represent a crucial milestone in Indonesia's democratization process, including in Wonogiri Regency, which is holding elections for the Governor and Deputy Governor of Central Java, as well as for the Regent and Deputy Regent. A crucial aspect in maintaining the integrity and legitimacy of elections is the validity of ballot papers. Invalid ballots often indicate problems with voter literacy, voting techniques, and the distribution of information related to voting procedures. This study aims to disseminate the results of the identification of invalid ballots in both elections, focusing on their categories, causes, and implications for the quality of local democracy. The method used was a qualitative descriptive analysis utilizing primary data from vote counting results at polling stations (TPS) and interviews with election organizers at the sub-district and village levels. The identification results showed that invalid ballots were generally caused by three main factors: technical errors by voters in voting (for example, marking more than one column), intolerable physical damage to the ballots, and forms of political protest through deliberate blanking or scribbling. Interesting findings indicate a correlation between voter education level and the number of invalid ballots, as well as significant differences between sub-districts. Disseminating the results of this study is crucial for providing input to the General Elections Commission (KPU) and the Elections Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) in designing more effective voter education strategies. Furthermore, the findings of this study are expected to raise public awareness regarding the importance of understanding proper voting procedures. Thus, efforts to reduce the number of invalid ballots can contribute to improving the quality of democracy, transparency, and accountability of election administration in Wonogiri Regency in particular and Indonesia in general.
URGENSI PENALARAN DAN PENEMUAN HUKUM BAGI PEJABAT TATA USAHA NEGARA DIKABUPATEN NIAS UTARA DALAM PEMBENTUKAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN KOPERASI DESA MERAH PUTIH.
The establishment and development of the Merah Putih Village Cooperative (KDMP) in North Nias Regency requires sound legal reasoning and legal research from local State Administration (TUN) officials. This study aims to analyze the urgency of legal reasoning and legal research for TUN officials in supporting the establishment and development of the KDMP. The research method used combines normative-empirical methods with qualitative and legal analysis, along with case study and literature approaches. The results indicate that legal reasoning and legal research are crucial for TUN officials to create legal certainty, reduce conflict, increase accountability, and overcome legal difficulties in establishing and developing the KDMP in the village.
Otonomi Daerah, Kebijakan Publik, dan Penguatan Demokrasi Lokal di Kabupaten Lamongan
Regional autonomy in Lamongan Regency plays a very important role in strengthening local democracy and ensuring that the resulting public policies are responsive to the needs of the community. In this context, the active participation of the community in the policy-making process is the key to achieving the goal of effective and sustainable regional autonomy. Strengthening the capacity of local governments, along with community involvement in decision-making, is indispensable to achieve equitable and sustainable development. The successful implementation of regional autonomy in Lamongan Regency is expected to be a model for other regions in increasing community participation and the quality of public services. Collaboration between local governments and communities not only strengthens regional autonomy, but also supports sustainable development throughout Indonesia. Aspects of transparency and accountability that are improved through effective regional autonomy are important factors in creating good governance. The research methods used in this study include a qualitative descriptive approach to explore the dynamics of community participation and the effectiveness of regional autonomy policies in Lamongan Regency. This study aims to analyze how community participation can increase the effectiveness of regional autonomy policies and support sustainable development in Lamongan Regency. . The efficient application of information technology will strengthen participatory planning practices and encourage community involvement in every stage of development. Therefore, strengthening community capacity through training and socialization of information technology is an important step to achieve more effective and sustainable regional autonomy in Lamongan Regency
Fast Track Legislation from the Perspective of People's Sovereignty: Criticism of the Weakening of Public Participation in the Legislative Process
This article examines the practice of fast-track legislation in the formation of laws in Indonesia from the perspective of popular sovereignty and democratic constitutionalism. This study aims to analyze how accelerated legislation affects the quality of public participation in lawmaking. This study uses a normative legal research method with a legislative, conceptual, and constitutional approach. A literature review was used to collect primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study show that the fast-track legislation mechanism has led to technocratic legislative practices characterized by difficulty in accessing supporting documents (academic papers and draft bills) and limited space for deliberation, causing the substantive legitimacy of laws to be increasingly eroded. Strengthening participation through amendments to Article 96 of Law No. 12 of 2011 through Law No. 13 of 2022 by adopting the concept of meaningful participation as formulated by the Constitutional Court in Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 has proven unable to minimize the impact of fast-track legislation. -track legislation. This article concludes that the constitutional limits of fast-track legislation lie in the fulfillment of public legitimacy, which can only be achieved through meaningful participation. Therefore, strict regulations regarding time limits for the formation of laws and meaningful participation mechanisms are necessary to prevent tokenistic legislation that contradicts the principle of people's sovereignty.
PENERAPAN SANKSI ADMINISTRATIF TERHADAP RUMAH SAKIT PELAKU FRAUD KLAIM JKN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM KESEHATAN
Fraudulent claims in Indonesia’s National Health Insurance (JKN) pose a serious threat to financial sustainability and quality of healthcare services. Hospitals, as referral healthcare providers, are highly vulnerable to fraudulent practices such as upcoding, phantom billing, and diagnosis manipulation. This study analyzes the regulation and effectiveness of administrative sanctions imposed on hospitals committing JKN claim fraud from a health law perspective. Using a normative legal research method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, this study finds that although administrative sanctions are normatively regulated, their implementation remains ineffective in creating deterrence and legal certainty. Sanctions tend to be formalistic and weakly enforced due to limited supervision and inter-institutional coordination. Strengthening regulations, supervision systems, and sanction standards is therefore essential to ensure legal protection and sustainability of JKN
STUDI SOSIOLOGIS ATAS KASUS-KASUS HUKUM YANG VIRAL (NO VIRAL, NO JUSTICE)
The "No Viral, No Justice" phenomenon reflects the dependence of law enforcement in Indonesia on social media pressure, which increases accountability yet risks undermining judicial objectivity. This qualitative research, employing a legal sociology approach, utilizes documentation studies and digital observations of literature and social media narratives to analyze the interaction between public opinion and the institutional responses of law enforcement agencies through interactive model data analysis techniques. Sociologically, the "No Viral, No Justice" phenomenon and the practice of trial by social media serve as digital social control instruments that enhance transparency and official accountability; however, juridically, they pose a risk to judicial objectivity and individual rights. Therefore, a balance between public oversight and adherence to formal legal procedures is essential to ensure that justice does not become ensnared in emotional digital populism.
KONSTRUKSI NORMA DAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PEMBUANGAN SAMPAH SEMBARANGAN DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG
The waste problem in Bandung Regency is becoming increasingly alarming along with the rising volume of waste, while the behavior of littering still often occurs and impacts the environment, health, and social life of the community. This situation reflects a discrepancy between the normative provisions in Article 5 of Law Number 18 of 2008 on Waste Management and the practice of law enforcement in the field. Therefore, this study is important to examine regulations as well as the role of law enforcement in waste management in Bandung Regency. The purpose of this study is to analyze the regulatory framework regarding obligations, prohibitions, and sanctions in efforts to prevent littering, as well as to examine the law enforcement against such violations in Bandung Regency. The research method used is a normative legal approach with secondary data collected through literature studies and analyzed using qualitative data processing techniques. Based on the research results, Bandung Regency Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2022 on Waste Management has established obligations, prohibitions, and criminal sanctions, but it has not yet regulated preventive administrative sanctions. The law enforcement orientation that focuses more on criminalization reduces the effectiveness of prevention and is not in accordance with the principle of ultimum remedium, thus conflicting with Article 5 of Law Number 18 of 2008 on Waste Management. Waste law enforcement in Bandung Regency still faces various obstacles, including the limited number of civil service investigators and a handling pattern that is more reactive than preventive. The stagnation of enforcement amid increasing waste generation has weakened the function of the law as a means of prevention and deterrence.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF SOSIOLOGI HUKUM
Law enforcement is a very essential and substantial aspect in the concept of a state based on law, such as in Indonesia. This is because one of the elements to create or restore balance in the social order is law enforcement. The type of research used in this legal study is normative legal research (doctrinal research). Normative legal research is research based on legal materials (library based) that focuses on reading and studying primary and secondary legal materials. Thus, in legal research conducted to produce new theories, arguments, or concepts as prescriptions to solve the problems faced, the answers are whether they are right, inappropriate, or wrong. This research shows that law is considered effective if it aligns with the regulations established in legislation and meets societal expectations; as a result, the presence of such law can achieve social order within the community.
KEPAILITAN SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PENGEMBALIAN KEKAYAAN: STUDI LITERATUR TERHADAP HUKUM KEPAILITAN DI INDONESIA
Bankruptcy is a legal instrument designed to collectively resolve debt disputes through a mechanism for managing and liquidating the assets of bankrupt debtors. Normatively, bankruptcy law in Indonesia aims to ensure the return of bankrupt debtors' assets to creditors in a fair, proportional, and legal manner. However, in practice, the effectiveness of bankruptcy as an asset recovery instrument still faces various obstacles. This study aims to analyze bankruptcy as an asset recovery instrument from the perspective of bankruptcy law in Indonesia and identify gaps between normative objectives and its implementation in practice. This study uses a normative legal research method with a literature review approach, through an examination of relevant laws and regulations, legal doctrine, and previous research findings. The results indicate that although bankruptcy law has a comprehensive normative framework, the effectiveness of asset recovery in bankrupt debtors is still hampered by legal and non-legal factors, such as asset complexity, limited asset tracing, curator professionalism, and inconsistent judicial practices. Therefore, strengthening the implementation of bankruptcy law is necessary so that it can function optimally as a creditor protection instrument and support a healthy business climate.
A BRIEF REVIEW OF SIYASAH SYAR'IYYAH’S PRINCIPLES ON REASONS FOR THE AMENDMENT OF SINJAI REGENT REGULATION NUMBER 60 OF 2023 CONCERNING THE PARTICIPATION OF VILLAGE HEADS AND VILLAGE OFFICIALS IN THE BPJS HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAM
This study aims to discuss a brief review based on the principles of syar'iyyah politics regarding the reasons for the amendment to Sinjai Regent Regulation Number 60 of 2023 concerning BPJS Health membership for village heads and village officials. This study is a qualitative study. The research design is field research. The supporting informants in this study consisted of the Head, Secretary, and Staff of Bonto Village, Sinjai Tengah District, Sinjai Regency, the Head of the Village Administration Division of the Sinjai Regency Community and Village Empowerment Office, and the Head of the Legal and Human Rights Division of the Sinjai Regency Secretariat. The results of this study show that the legal, philosophical, and sociological reasons for the amendment of Sinjai Regent Regulation No. 19 of 2021 to No. 60 of 2023 are in line with the principles of siyasah syar'iyyah. Among the reasons considered to be in line with these principles is the simplification of administration, which previously caused difficulties for village officials and even resulted in delays in the payment of BPJS Health contributions for village officials, ultimately leading to some village officials not receiving health services from BPJS. However, the implications of this regulation still show inconsistencies with the principles of Siyasah Syar'iyyah. For example, there is a discrepancy with the principle of public interest, because if one village is late in uploading data, other villages are also affected, namely the system immediately experiences congestion. Health services for all village officials are also hampered. This also shows a discrepancy with the principle of justice, because there is unfair treatment of village officials who upload data on time.
OPINI PUBLIK SEBAGAI FAKTOR PEMBENTUK DISKRESI APARAT DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM: ANALISIS SOSIOLOGI HUKUM
This study analyzes the role of public opinion in shaping the exercise of discretion by law enforcement officers in Indonesia. From a sociological law perspective, law is understood as a social institution that interacts with society, where public opinion can influence the legitimacy and practice of law enforcement. The phenomenon of penal populismindicates that public pressure often drives officers to make symbolic legal decisions, potentially blurring the normative boundaries of discretion. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, and analyzing legal documents and media reports. Thematic analysis is applied to explore the interaction between public opinion, penal populism, and officers’ discretion. Findings reveal that public opinion significantly affects the use of discretion, both directly and through the dynamics of penal populism. Discretion exercised professionally and based on legal principles enhances public trust, while distortion due to social pressure creates disparities and perceptions of injustice. This article emphasizes the importance of balancing responsiveness to public opinion with adherence to legal principles, as well as the need for accountability mechanisms and ethical training for law enforcement officers. The findings contribute to the development of sociological law studies and contemporary law enforcement practices.
PENEGAKAN PIDANA HIDUP BERSAMA DILUAR PERNIKAHAN IMPLIKASI HUKUM TERHADAP KEABSAHAN PERNIKAHAN TIDAK TERCATAT
This study analyzes the criminal enforcement of Article 412 of Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP) concerning cohabitation outside marriage. The central issue is the ambiguity in applying this provision to siri marriages that are religiously valid but administratively unregistered under Indonesian marriage law. Using a normative juridical approach with grammatical, systematic, and teleological interpretation, this study finds that Article 412 fails to distinguish between pure cohabitation and siri marriage as a form of living law. This legal inconsistency undermines legal certainty and grants excessive judicial discretion, potentially leading to disparities in court decisions. The criminalization of such conduct also raises concerns regarding civil status, inheritance rights of children, and the constitutional right to privacy. Based on Ashworth’s Test of Criminalization, the enforcement of Article 412 is disproportionate and inconsistent with the harm principle and the doctrine of ultima ratio.
INTEGRITAS APARAT PENEGAK HUKUM DAN KEPERCAYAAN PUBLIK: ANALISIS SOSIOLOGI HUKUM DI INDONESIA
Integrity of law enforcement officers plays a crucial role in shaping public trust toward the legal system. From the perspective of sociology of law, law is not merely a set of written norms but also a social practice influenced by the behavior, values, and culture of legal actors. This article aims to analyze the relationship between the integrity of law enforcement officers and public trust in law enforcement in Indonesia. This research employs a normative juridical method combined with a sociological approach, examining legal doctrines, sociological theories of law, and empirical social phenomena related to law enforcement practices. The study finds that low integrity among law enforcement officers significantly undermines public trust, which in turn weakens the legitimacy and effectiveness of law. Therefore, strengthening the integrity of law enforcement officers is a fundamental prerequisite for building a credible and socially legitimate legal system in Indonesia.
A BRIEF REVIEW OF KHI ON THE FULFILMENT OF FAMILY MAINTENANCE FOR SINGLE MOTHERS BY BIOLOGICAL FATHERS (CASE STUDY OF DAMPANG VILLAGE, GANTARANG SUBDISTRICT, BULUKUMBA REGENCY)
This study aims to discuss a brief review of KHI on the fulfilment of family maintenance for single mothers by biological fathers, using a case study from Dampang Village, Gantarang Subdistrict, Bulukumba Regency. This type of research is qualitative research. The research design is field research. The informants interviewed in this study were several single mothers from Dampang Village, Gantarang Subdistrict, Bulukumba Regency. The results of this study show that: The fulfilment of family expenses for single mothers in Dampang Village, Gantarang Subdistrict, Bulukumba Regency, in the context of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). Based on data obtained from the statements of the three single mothers, all of them stated that after the divorce, their ex-husbands never provided for them and their children. This proves that the reality is not in accordance with the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), which states that maintenance is the responsibility of a father towards his biological children, which must be fulfilled even if the marriage bond has been severed. However, in reality, the father's obligation to provide financial support to his children is not fulfilled after divorce, so all financial responsibilities are borne by the mother. Single mothers in Dampang village meet their families' needs by working.
A BRIEF REVIEW OF SIYASAH SYAR'IYYAH ON THE AUTHORITY TO SUPERVISE THE OPERATION OF ONLINE BAJAJ TRANSPORT IN MAKASSAR CITY
This study aims to discuss a brief review of Siyasah Syar'iyyah on the authority of the Makassar City Government in supervising the operations of online bajaj transportation. This study is qualitative in nature. The research design is field research with a juridical-empirical and normative-sharia approach. The informants interviewed in this study were the Makassar City Transportation Agency (Acting Head of the Public Transportation Section), the Makassar Police Traffic Unit, the Maxride application provider (Business Development and Customer Support), online bajaj drivers, and users. The results of this study show that: There is no supervision of online bajaj by the government, aspects of operational supervision, online bajaj do not receive equal supervision because there are no specific regulations, many drivers do not understand the routes, there is no training, and vehicles operate without certainty of permits. The Makassar City Government has not exercised maximum supervision because it only has limited administrative authority, is not equipped with a monitoring system, and does not actively coordinate with the application provider. There is no official forum, summons, or coordination between the City Government and the application provider (Maxride). In fact, the application provider has stated its readiness to coordinate and contribute to supervision. The Makassar City Government does not yet have local regulations (Perda) governing the operation of online bajaj, so supervision is not carried out based on strong legal instruments. This reality shows a contradiction with the benefits. It is an indicator of a discrepancy with Siyasah Syar'iyyah. This study recommends the establishment of specific regional regulations, the formation of a regular coordination forum, and the integration of a technology-based monitoring system between the local government, the police, and the application provider.
Islam dan Demokrasi di Indonesia: Dialektika Agama, Kekuasaan dan Persoalan Moderasi BeragamaIslam dan Demokrasi di Indonesia: Dialektika Agama, Kekuasaan dan Persoalan Moderasi Beragama
Democracy in Indonesia is the result of a complex and dynamic interaction between Islamic values ​​and political practices evolving within society. This process not only creates synergy between Islamic principles and democratic values ​​but also strengthens the government's legitimacy and creates space for more inclusive public participation. In this context, Islam serves not only as a belief system but also as a moral foundation that can support just and democratic political practices. The relationship between Islam and democracy in Indonesia demonstrates that religious values ​​can contribute significantly to social and political stability, creating a harmonious and inclusive society. The importance of dialogue between political leaders and the Islamic community is crucial in identifying challenges faced in realizing a more inclusive democracy. This study aims to explore how Islamic values ​​can reduce radicalism and support the strengthening of democracy in Indonesia. In this regard, religious moderation is key to creating constructive dialogue and reducing the potential for conflict, thus supporting a more stable democratic environment. Through an inclusive and collaborative approach, it is hoped that education that emphasizes the values ​​of religious moderation can shape a tolerant and diverse young generation, and encourage interfaith cooperation in a multicultural society. Thus, this research is expected to provide a significant contribution to the development of effective and sustainable religious moderation policies, as well as supporting social and political stability in Indonesia.
Digitalisasi Pembuktian Elektronik dalam Sengketa Wanprestasi Transaksi Fintech
The development of financial technology (fintech) as an innovation that integrates technology in financial services has changed the paradigm of economic transactions. Financial Technology (Fintech) is the implementation of information technology utilization in the financial system that produces new products, services, and business models as stipulated in Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 19/12/PBI/2017. Along with the increase in fintech transactions, there has also been an increase in default disputes involving electronic evidence in their resolution. The main challenge that arises is the validity of electronic evidence in the trial of default disputes in fintech transactions. In Indonesia, electronic evidence has a legal basis through Law No. 11 of 2008 jo. Law No. 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions which recognizes the existence of electronic documents as valid evidence. This writing uses a normative juridical method by analyzing the laws and regulations on electronic transactions and civil procedural law. The results of the writing show that the electronic evidence system still faces technical and juridical obstacles in its application, especially regarding authentication, data security, and standardization in the examination of electronic evidence in court.
GEOPARK KALDERA TOBA DIMANFAATKAN SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN SOFT POWER DIPLOMACY OLEH INDONESIA DALAM MEMPROMOSIKAN CITRA POSITIF NEGARA DI TINGKAT INTERNASIONAL
The Toba Caldera Geopark is a global geological heritage area with strategic scientific, ecological, and cultural value for Indonesia in the context of contemporary international relations. This study analyzes how the Toba Caldera Geopark is utilized as an instrument of soft power diplomacy to strengthen Indonesia's image internationally. Using Joseph Nye's soft power theoretical framework, nation branding, and cultural, environmental, and scientific diplomacy, this study explores the development of geopark narratives as a non-coercive diplomatic tool. The methodology used is a descriptive qualitative analysis with an interpretative approach based on literature data, government policies, UNESCO reports, and official tourism promotion narratives. The results show that the Toba Caldera Geopark plays a multidimensional role in Indonesian diplomacy, including the promotion of sustainable tourism, participation in the UNESCO Global Geopark Network, international research collaboration, cultural diplomacy through Batak festivals and art performances, and environmental diplomacy that emphasizes Indonesia's commitment to conservation and green development. However, challenges in environmental governance, pollution, the pressure of mass tourism, and the imbalance in human resource capacity still have the potential to weaken the effectiveness of geoparks as a diplomatic instrument. This study concludes that the Toba Caldera Geopark has become an important symbol of Indonesia's soft power, but its sustainability depends on strengthening collaborative governance, digital diplomacy innovation, and synergy between actors across sectors.
Tantangan Yang Dihadapi Oleh Organ Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Menjalankan Kedudukan Dan Kewenangannya Di Era Desentralisasi
The implementation of regional governance in Indonesia after the reformation, particularly after the implementation of the decentralization system, has granted broader authority to regional governments in managing government affairs. This study aims to explain the position and authority of each regional government organ, namely the regional head, the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD), and regional apparatus, in the implementation of regional governance in the era of decentralization. This research uses a normative approach by examining related legislation, such as Law No. 23 of 2014 on Regional Government. This study aims to analyze and identify the challenges faced by local government bodies in carrying out governance in the era of decentralization. The results indicate that the regional head plays the role of executive leader responsible for implementing government policies, the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) carries out legislative, budgetary, and supervisory functions, while the regional apparatus functions as technical implementers. However, a number of challenges such as lack of coordination between organs, limited resources, and potential conflicts of interest are becoming a problem.
Agenda G20 Dalam Pembangunan Infrastruktur Berkelanjutan (Studi Kasus: Green Bonds dan Green Sukuk di Indonesia)
This study examines how the G20 agenda has influenced the development of green bonds and green sukuk as mechanisms for financing sustainable infrastructure in Indonesia during 2018–2024. Employing the Green Politics Theory framework and qualitative descriptive approach with content analysis, the research demonstrates that Indonesia pioneered globally by issuing the world's first sovereign green sukuk worth USD 1.25 billion in 2018, expanding to a cumulative USD 16.93 billion by 2024. These instruments support the achievement of SDG 7 and 13 through projects in sustainable transportation, waste management, and mangrove rehabilitation. The integration of G20 principles into domestic policy—via Climate Budget Tagging, POJK No. 60/2017, and the Sustainable Finance Roadmap—has successfully reduced APBN reliance by 25% and narrowed the budget deficit from 6.14% of GDP (2020) to 2.29% of GDP (2024). Significant challenges persist, including greenwashing risk, limited secondary market liquidity, low institutional capacity, and substantial financing gaps (actual realization represents only 6.8% of needs through 2030). The study concludes that green bonds and green sukuk function as effective catalytic instruments; however, strengthened regulations, institutional capacity building, and cross-sectoral policy integration are essential to accelerate the transition toward sustainable infrastructure.
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Praktik Habituasi Lokal dalam Mitigasi Kesiapsigaan Banjir di Desa Jombok, Kecamatan Kesamben, Kabupaten Jombang
Flooding is a natural disaster that frequently strikes Jombok Village, Kesamben District, Jombang Regency. This event encourages residents to continuously adapt by building collective habits passed down from repeatition generation to generation. The method used in this study is phenomenology qualitative with data collection through in-depth interviews, observation, and document collection. The findings of the study indicate that the community has developed a habitus in facing floods based on community behaviors such as moving items to higher ground, building temporary embankments, checking embankments, removing trash on the embankment that blocks it, and implementing a simple evacuation system based on mutual cooperation as a form of local habituation. Mitigation still uses this adaptation method, which is still reactive and has not been organized into a more comprehensive
F1 POWER BOAT:Strategi Diplomasi Indonesia Dalam mencapai tujuan SDG's pada visi 2030
This study analyzes sports diplomacy through the F1 Power Boat event on Lake Toba as part of Indonesia's efforts to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Indonesia's Vision 2030. The study uses a descriptive qualitative approach based on secondary data from policy documents, official reports, and academic literature. The results show that the F1 Power Boat event serves as an effective soft power diplomacy instrument in improving Indonesia's image and strengthening tourism nation branding. This event also contributes to the achievement of SDGs 8, SDGs 9, and SDGs 11 through improving the local economy, developing infrastructure, and strengthening priority tourism destinations. In addition, the F1 Power Boat event encourages synergy between diplomacy, tourism, and regional economic development. However, the sustainability of its impact depends on sustainable governance and attention to social and environmental aspects. Overall, sports diplomacy through the F1 Power Boat event has the potential to be an effective strategy in supporting sustainable development and Indonesia's Vision 2030 if managed in an integrated and long-term manner.
Peran Pelabuhan Belawan dalam Economic Sustainability terhadap Kota Medan yang Inklusif dan Global
Belawan Port, as the most important port in western Indonesia, plays a vital role in supporting economic development at both regional and national levels. This study aims to explore the role and impact of Belawan Port in strengthening economic sustainability (economic, social, and environmental dimensions) toward an inclusive and global Medan City. The research applies a qualitative approach, including literature review, field observation, and interviews with relevant stakeholders. The findings reveal that Belawan Port functions beyond being merely a logistics and international trade hub. It serves as a driver of local economic growth by creating employment opportunities (economic), developing infrastructure, and improving regional connectivity (social and environmental). Nevertheless, several challenges remain, particularly concerning operational efficiency, cross-sectoral integration, and potential environmental impacts. Therefore, strengthening collaboration between government, business actors, and the community is essential to optimize the port’s role in promoting sustainable, inclusive economic growth aligned with Medan City’s vision as a global city.
Patologi Birokrasi dalam Sinkronisasi Data Stunting di Kabupaten Jombang
Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children and toddlers caused by acute malnutrition. Data shows that the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is relatively high. Likewise, in Jombang Regency. One of the problems that is quite influential in accelerating the reduction of stunting, especially in Jombang Regency, is data synchronization. Synchronizing this data is one of the obstacles to reducing stunting. Various problems occur in data synchronization, one of which is bureaucratic pathology. This research uses Max Weber's theory of ideal bureaucracy as well as theories about bureaucratic pathology. The method used in this research is qualitative with primary and secondary data sources. The data collection methods used were interviews, observation, and documentation, with data analysis methods using the Miles and Huberman model. The results of this study indicate a bureaucratic pathology in the synchronization of stunting data in Jombang Regency. The most fundamental is the lack of uniformity in the use of stunting data collection applications, resulting in data held by each Regional Apparatus Organization (APO). This unsynchronized stunting data is one of the obstacles to accelerating stunting reduction in Jombang Regency. This, of course, constitutes a bureaucratic pathology in the synchronization of stunting data. If this bureaucratic pathology can be minimized, it will reduce obstacles to synchronizing stunting data in Jombang Regency.
Dinamika Peran Indonesia Dalam Pusaran Konflik Palestina-Israel
As is known, historically Indonesia has taken an active role in mediating the conflict between the two countries. The role taken in this case is sending peacekeeping troops to the Middle East, especially to mediate the conflict between Israel and Palestine. The background of this conflict itself began with the founding of the state of Israel in May 1948, or three years after World War II. Israel's existence in the Middle East region then sparked controversy due to their expansion in several regions, particularly their annexation of Palestinian territories. This situation then attracted international attention, various sympathy and steps taken in an effort to resolve this conflict, including Indonesia. Indonesia, which includes the principle of anti-colonialism in its constitution, also took diplomatic and humanitarian steps to resolve this, from negotiations to the deployment of peacekeeping troops. The method used in this paper is library research through data obtained through literature review techniques, which are then processed based on the formulation of the underlying problem. From this research, it was found that Indonesia took many steps and played a role in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, regardless of the results that were later achieved