A Comparison of Islamic and Modern State Governance Systems from a Democratic Perspecive
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55352/htn.v4i2.3029Keywords:
Democracy, Modern State, Islamic GovernanceAbstract
This study aims to examine a comparison of Islamic governance systems and modern states from a democratic perspective, highlighting conceptual differences and their implications for governance practices. The central issue in this study lies in how the two systems interpret democracy, particularly regarding the sources of power’s legitimacy, fundamental principles of governance, and forms of public participation. The results of the analysis indicate that the Islamic governance system is based on normative values derived from religious teachings, such as justice, consultation (shura), and trust (amanah), which place the highest sovereignty in God. Conversely, modern states develop democracy based on the principle of popular sovereignty, realized through formal mechanisms such as elections, constitutions, and representative institutions. Although there are fundamental differences in philosophical and normative foundations, this study finds that both systems share the same goal: to create a government that is just, participatory, and oriented toward public welfare. Furthermore, in practice, there is a trend toward limited convergence, in which countries with an Islamic background are beginning to adopt modern democratic mechanisms, while modern states are also accommodating universal ethical values that align with Islamic principles. Thus, the relationship between Islamic governance systems and modern states from a democratic perspective is not dichotomous; rather, it demonstrates dynamic interaction and adaptation in addressing contemporary constitutional challenges.
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