Analysis of the Role of the State in Public Compliance with the Differences in the Start of the Hijri Month in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55352/htn.v4i2.3189Keywords:
State Authority, Hijri Month Determination, Religious Freedom, MUI Fatwa, Public Compliance.Abstract
This study examines the juridical role of the state in shaping public compliance amid differences in determining the beginning of the Hijri month in Indonesia. The issue of determining the beginning of Hijri months, particularly Ramadan, Shawwal, and Dhu al-Hijjah, has frequently generated differences among Islamic organizations due to the use of distinct methods, namely hisab and rukyat. These differences raise legal, social, and constitutional questions regarding the extent of state authority in regulating religious affairs while ensuring citizens’ freedom of religion. This research employs a normative juridical method through statutory, conceptual, and historical approaches. The primary legal materials consist of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, relevant legislation, and regulations concerning religious affairs and the determination of the Hijri calendar. Secondary legal materials include books, journal articles, and scholarly works discussing constitutional law, Islamic law, religious freedom, and the role of fatwas in Indonesian society. The findings indicate that the state possesses constitutional authority to facilitate the determination of the beginning of the Hijri month through the isbat session mechanism in order to create legal certainty and maintain social order. Nevertheless, such authority is limited by constitutional guarantees of religious freedom as stipulated in Articles 28E and 29 of the 1945 Constitution. The study also reveals that the fatwas of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI), although not legally binding within the hierarchy of national laws, exert significant influence in fostering public compliance due to their religious legitimacy. Therefore, the ideal role of the state is not to impose uniformity but to function as a facilitator and mediator that accommodates differences while preserving social harmony and protecting citizens’ constitutional rights.
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