Pertanggungjawaban Hukum dalam Kasus Fraud pada Smart Contract Syariah: Pendekatan Teori Akad dan Teknologi

Ramlan CPLA; Surawan Wondo Satnowo; Ibnu Mas’ud; Afton Zuhri Adnan

doi:10.55352/maqashid.v7i1.2911

Authors

Ramlan CPLA SekolahTinggi Ilmu Syariah Darul Ulum
Surawan Wondo Satnowo
Ibnu Mas’ud
Afton Zuhri Adnan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55352/maqashid.v7i1.2911

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk-bentuk fraud yang terjadi dalam smart contract syariah, mengidentifikasi model pertanggungjawaban hukum berdasarkan teori akad dalam fiqh muamalah, serta merumuskan kerangka normatif integratif antara hukum Islam dan hukum teknologi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan kasus, menggunakan data sekunder berupa literatur fiqh, regulasi fintech, dan dokumentasi kasus fraud smart contract. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraud pada smart contract dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga kategori: eksploitasi bug kode, manipulasi data oracle, dan serangan eksternal. Ditinjau dari teori akad, ketiga bentuk fraud tersebut berimplikasi pada cacat sighat, ketidakjelasan objek akad (gharar), dan pelanggaran prinsip an-taradhin. Prinsip dhaman dalam fiqh muamalah memberikan landasan normatif bagi distribusi tanggung jawab di antara developer, platform, dan pengguna. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan kerangka hukum integratif yang mengharmoniskan prinsip syariah dengan tuntutan teknologi digital.

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