Transformasi Fungsi Kalām Khabar Menjadi Makna Tasyri’ dalam QS Al-Baqarah/2: 183: Kajian Balāgah dan Ushul Fiqh

Abstract

This study examines the transformation of kalām khabar into the meaning of tasyrīʿ in QS al-Baqarah (2:183) by integrating the perspectives of balāghah and uṣūl al-fiqh. The research problem stems from the fact that kutiba ʿalaykum al-ṣiyām is grammatically a declarative sentence (jumlah khabariyyah), yet its function in a legal verse extends beyond reporting. This study aims to explain its linguistic structure, the shift from khabar to normative meaning, and the role of rhetorical elements and uṣūl al-fiqh principles in establishing obligation. This qualitative study employs library research. The primary data consist of QS al-Baqarah (2:183), while secondary data include classical and contemporary works on balāghah, uṣūl al-fiqh, and Qur’anic exegesis (tafsīr). The analysis involves three stages: identifying the structure of khabar, examining the verse’s context and rhetorical function, and verifying its normative force through uṣūl al-fiqh. The findings show that this transformation does not change the verse’s syntactic form into an imperative (ṣīghat al-amr), but changes its communicative function. The declarative structure establishes the obligation of fasting with certainty. The word kutiba carries normative force and indicates obligation in uṣūl al-fiqh literature. Meanwhile, kalām khabar generates rhetorical effects, including taʾkīd (emphasis), tasliyah (consolation) through reference to previous communities, and the connection between the legal ruling and taqwā (God-consciousness). Thus, tasyrīʿ emerges from the interaction of linguistic structure, context, rhetorical function, and legal principles. This study contributes an integrative approach that positions balāghah as a framework for explaining how declarative forms acquire normative force in Qur’anic discourse.