| .: e-ISSN : 2776-8902 |
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| .: p-ISSN : 2775-8664 |
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| .: Kebijakan & Prosedur :. |
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Conflict of Interest
A conflict of interest arises when professional judgment may be influenced by secondary interests, whether financial, personal, academic, or institutional.
- Authors must disclose all sources of research funding and any potential conflicts of interest in the Declaration of Conflicting Interest section of the manuscript. If there is no conflict, authors should state: “The authors declare no conflict of interest.”
- Reviewers must decline to review a manuscript if they have a relationship with the author(s) that could compromise their objectivity, such as being a colleague at the same institution, a collaborator, a supervisor, or a direct competitor.
- Editors must not handle any manuscript in which they have a conflict of interest. Manuscripts submitted by members of the editorial board are handled by another editor, and the submitting editor is excluded from the decision-making process.














